Several of Trump’s immigration policies have faced lawsuits, court rulings

President Donald Trump has promised to remove millions of people from the United States in the largest deportation plan in American history But his immigration agenda is facing various tests in the U S courts For example a federal appeals court ruled last week that the Trump administration cannot use an th-century wartime law to speed deportations of alleged Venezuelan gang members setting up a likely return showdown at the Supreme Court Specific of the president s policies affect hundreds of thousands if not millions of people Here are selected Trump administration efforts that have come under court scrutiny Alien Enemies Act The Trump administration has used the Alien Enemies Act of to remove people it accused of being in the Tren de Aragua gang arguing it s an invading force The administration deported people it designated as members to a notorious prison in El Salvador and argued that American courts could not order them freed The Alien Enemies Act was only used three times before in U S history all during declared wars in the War of and the two world wars More than of the men who were deported by the U S to El Salvador were returned to Venezuela earlier this summer in a complex deal brokered between the three countries But litigation over the matter has continued In Tuesday s ruling by the th U S Circuit Court of Appeals two judges on a three-judge panel agreed with immigrant rights lawyers and lower court judges who argued the Alien Enemies Act of was not intended to be used against gangs such as Tren de Aragua Lee Gelernt who argued the incident for the ACLU noted the ruling reined in the administration s view that it can exclusively declare an emergency without any oversight by the courts But Abigail Jackson a White House spokeswoman explained the president has the authority to conduct national guard operations in defense of the United States and to remove terrorists We expect to be vindicated on the merits in this affair she revealed Birthright citizenship President Trump issued an executive order that attempts to redefine birthright citizenship under the th Amendment The amendment s Citizenship Clause says all people born or naturalized in the U S and subject to U S jurisdiction are citizens The Trump administration asserts that a child born in the U S is not a citizen if the mother does not have legal immigration status or is in the country legally but temporarily and the father is not a U S citizen or lawful permanent resident States that have sued over the order Washington Arizona Illinois and Oregon argue that it ignores the plain wording of the Citizenship Clause as well as a landmark birthright citizenship occurrence in The Supreme Court had located that a child born in San Francisco to Chinese parents was a citizen by virtue of his birth on American soil A federal appeals court in San Francisco ruled in late July that Trump s order is unconstitutional affirming a lower-court decision in New Hampshire that blocked the order s enforcement nationwide Third-country deportations The Trump administration has been sending people to countries where they have no ties including El Salvador in Central America and the African nation of South Sudan Trump personnel have mentioned these immigrants often come from countries that won t take them back or were convicted of violent crimes Advocacy groups sued this year arguing that people s due process rights were being violated and that immigrants were being sent to countries with long histories of human rights violations In late March a federal judge temporarily blocked third-country deportations of people without first being allowed to argue that it would jeopardize their safety But in June a divided Supreme Court halted that order allowing the swift removal of immigrants to countries other than their homelands Lawyers for five men who were deported to the African country of Eswatini in July revealed Tuesday that the men have held prison for seven weeks without charges and no access to legal counsel Attorneys for one of the men Jamaican national Orville Etoria reported his home country was willing to accept him back California immigration stops Earlier this year U S immigration officers began conducting mass immigration raids in Southern California rounding up predominantly Latino immigrants from locations like car washes Home Depots and bus stops even sometimes ensnaring U S citizens The practice prompted a lawsuit by immigrant advocacy groups that accused the administration of systematically targeting brown-skinned people in the region The Justice Department has argued that federal agents are allowed to consider factors like race or ethnicity and occupations in an area it considers a top enforcement priority A federal judge ordered the administration to halt such tactics in seven California counties including Los Angeles writing that they violated the U S Constitution A federal appeals court upheld the judge s temporary order The Trump administration filed an exigency petition in early August that asks the Supreme Court to halt the lower court s ruling with Solicitor General D John Sauer arguing that it puts a straitjacket on federal agents Temporary Protected Status The Trump administration has sought to end programs that offer legal yet temporary authorization for people to live and work in the U S if conditions in their homelands are deemed unsafe The efforts have prompted lawsuits across the country that say more than million people are under what s known as Temporary Protected Status or TPS or humanitarian parole Temporary Protected Status allows people already living in the U S to stay and work legally for up to months if their homelands are unsafe because of civil unrest or natural disasters The status can be repeatedly renewed More than people from Cuba Haiti Nicaragua and Venezuela live in the U S under humanitarian parole which allows people from countries where there s war or political instability to enter and temporarily live in the U S To qualify they had to fly to the U S at their own expense and have a financial sponsor For bulk people the designation lasts for two years In May the Supreme Court allowed the Trump administration to revoke TPS and humanitarian protections while the lawsuits proceed As a upshot it s accomplishable that people who had protections could be deported before the legal cases are completed On Friday U S District Judge Edward Chen restored TPS protections for million Venezuelans and Haitians ruling that Homeland Precaution Secretary Kristi Noem had no legal authority to revoke extensions granted under the Biden administration In August the th U S Circuit Court of Appeals backed him up in a related appeal On the East Coast the st U S Circuit Court of Appeals is deciding whether to uphold a Boston judge s order halting humanitarian parole terminations for roughly foreigners from Cuba Haiti Nicaragua and Venezuela Fast-track deportations The Department of Homeland Prevention disclosed in January that it was expanding the use of expedited removal a fast-track deportation process for displaced persons who came to the country illegally and have been here less than two years It allows for their removal without appearing before a judge first Before Trump s second term expedited removal was only used for foreigners who were stopped within miles of the territory line and who had been in the U S for less than days The change has triggered lawsuits by the American Civil Liberties Union and immigrant rights groups In late August U S District Judge Jia Cobb temporarily blocked the administration s expansion suggesting that it s trampling on people s due process rights In another circumstance Cobb agreed in early August to temporarily block the administration s efforts to expand fast-track deportations of immigrants who legally entered the U S under humanitarian parole Cobb declared the affair s underlying question is whether people who escaped oppression will have the chance to plead their matter within a system of rules Source